Signing Contracts With Labors Before Expelling Illegal...

Signing contracts with labors before expelling illegal immigrants to save the labor costs. Purchasing forward contract to lock the price of materials in case of imposing tariff on importation. Taking loan in foreign countries with lower interest rate and purchasing currency future to avoid the exchange rate fluctuation. Introduction As a quickly growing global manufacturing company, we are facing various and potential opportunities and challenges within the global market. Manufacturing remains a crucial position of accelerating economics in both developing and developed counties. The 2007 financial recession choked off the demand and numerous workers transferred to service industry. Due to the variable costs and capital loss, the majority of the business are occupied by the first tier of manufacturing nations. Recently, Donald Trump was elected as the president of the United States. Our society will encounter some turbulence from different aspects when he executes his proposals. The decisions he made on both financial field and manufacturing industry will impact our future strategy, so we need to prepare ahead of time to hedge some possible risk. Employment Even though accelerating the development of manufacturing plays a significant role in Donald Trump’s plan called â€Å"make American great again†. His judgements are not wise enough which would drive the situation worse. He proclaimed to expel illegal immigrants because he insisted that decision will bring jobs back to

The Rights Of Man By Thomas Paine Analysis - 701 Words

â€Å"One nation under God, indivisible† – ironic, considering America’s fractured populace. In his book Rights of Man (1791), pamphleteer Thomas Paine presents his interpretation of America’s future. To Paine, basing America’s government on man’s rights creates a perfect society. While modern America is still diverse, his utopian predication no longer applies. Specifically, violent racial demonstrations and wealth inequalities prompt civilian and government action for solutions. Despite Paine’s hopes, reality is quite different: racial conflicts often erupt into violence. As Jefferson laid out in the Declaration of Independence, when authorities abuse groups’ rights, the people must rebel. This line of reasoning applies to modern events. For†¦show more content†¦While some congressmen have motioned to reduce the wealthy’s influence, such efforts often fail because politicians themselves wish to protect their bank account. When the government is out of touch with average citizens, the principles of society crumble. On a personal level, society needs a shift in its approach to race. Instead of creating divisions, Americans should try to understand their biases. Recently, initiatives with this goal have sprung up in universities. Soon after the Civil Rights Act, many universities in America implemented affirmative action initiatives, which sought to level the playing field between white and minority applicants, the latter traditionally having a disproportionately low acceptance rate. Doing so increased the minority population on campuses and brought the issue of discrimination to the forefront of national attention. By acknowledging historical patterns of discrimination and taking explicit action to reverse that trend, a peaceful method to decrease racial inequality emerged. However, white applicants have protested affirmative action, labeling it â€Å"reverse discrimination.† Yet this only emphasizes the faults in racial understanding – members of traditionally privileged groups re coil at the notion of elevating minorities, not realizing that their lower starting place necessitates a boost later. For unity, both groups must reach a mutual understanding about race’s role in modern society.Show MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And The Revolution1336 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis The French Revolution was such an important time history. Not only was it a massacre with many lives being lost, including that of Queen Marie Antoinette and her husband King Louis XVI, it was also a time of great political turmoil which would turn man against man that being the case of Edmond Burke and Thomas Paine. Edmond Burke a traditionalist who believed the people should be loyal to the king against his former friend, Thomas Paine a free thinker who believed in order for things toRead MorePrimary Source Analysis Common Sense Essays796 Words   |  4 Pages Primary Source Analysis Thomas Paine Common Sense Context: In result of The Seven Years’ War Britain controlled American trade and territory. In order to pay for the expenses of the war several taxation acts and military presence were implemented such as the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Currency Act, Quartering Act and the presence of British troops at the colonies. Consequently, Americans who thought these actions violated their political and constitutional liberties opposed these policies withRead MoreRhetorical Analysis: the Crisis, No. 1 by Thomas Paine Essay620 Words   |  3 PagesRhetorical Analysis: The Crisis, No. 1 by Thomas Paine Political writer, Thomas Paine, in his persuasive writing, The Crisis No. 1, expresses feelings towards Britains control over the colonies. Paines purpose is to unite the colonists in an effort to retaliate against Great Britain. He uses an objective tone in order to unite and rally the common person in his nation. Paine opens his persuasion to the nation by warning that getting their freedom from Britain will not be easy. By usingRead MorePolitical Philosophy and Paine Essay example1568 Words   |  7 PagesJesus Chaveste HIST 1301 Dr. Olivares September 7, 2013 Thomas Paine Questions 1. Why do you think Thomas Paine writes Common Sense anonymously? How does he think his work will be remembered? Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense anonymously because the ideas he used in writing the book were contradicting the government at that time. If the government knew that he wrote it then they will take action against him to punish him. He probably thought that his work would remain as something memorableRead MoreCommon Sense Essay663 Words   |  3 Pagestreatment received by the colonies from the mother country, England. Thomas Paine begins with the creation of government, as lived by the colonist, and progresses to the wrongful acts administered by Parliament and the King of England. Finally, Thomas Paine gives confidence to the unity of the colonies, and details a forceful removal of English authority. The argument is set up extensively in the commencement of the pamphlet. Thomas Paine explains how the colonies began governing themselves. The naturalRead MoreComparison of Thomas Paine and Patrick Henry: Revolutionary Tract876 Words   |  4 Pagesof these inflictions, Thomas Paine and Patrick Henry addressed these injustices, and proved to be very persuasive through providing reasoning and evidence that moved many colonists to believe that to reach contentment and peace the colonies had to rid themselves of British rule. Henry and Paine were successful in swaying their audience, not only because of the rhetorical strategies used, but also because they were passionate about the cause they were committed to. Both Paine and Henry tried to pushRead MoreThe American Revolution Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesWhile many historians might argue that the American Revolution was not so revolutionary in its nature, there is no denying the lasting effects that it has had not only on the continent, but the world. Through an analysis of documents from this period and the social, political, and economic changes that occurred in the colonies, it is clear that the colonial governmental system was radically changed during this time period. The political ideas that emerged from this revolution have shaped modern democraticRead More Age of reason Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pages The Age of Reason was a period in time during the 18th century in Europe and America when man become enlightened by reason, science, and humanity. The people involved with the Age of Reason were convinced that human reason could discover the natural laws of the universe, the natural rights of mankind, and the progress in knowled ge. Each philosopher had his own ideas and theories about the world, nature, and human beings in general, and every philosopher wrote many essays and books about their ownRead MoreThe Age of Reason1424 Words   |  6 PagesSchleiermacher A. Why he contributed B. Influences The Age of Reason was a period in time during the 18th century in Europe and America when man become enlightened by reason, science, and humanity. The people involved with the Age of Reason were convinced that human reason could discover the natural laws of the universe, the natural rights of mankind, and the progress in knowledge. Each philosopher had his own ideas and theories about the world, nature, and human beings in general, and everyRead MoreIdeology Behind American Revolution Essays1890 Words   |  8 Pagesduring the last war, near twenty-five thousand men, and spent many millions.[3] Because the colonies lacked elected representation in the governing British Parliament, many colonists considered the laws to be illegitimate and a violation of their rights as Englishmen. The opinion of the British Government, which was not unanimous, was that the colonies enjoyed virtual representation. In 1772, groups of colonists began to create Committees of Correspondence, which would lead to their own Provincial

Real Thrill Experience free essay sample

The bravest thing you can do when you are not brave is to profess courage and act accordingly. Whats my definition of bravery? I believe It means to be courageous while facing and dealing with danger or fear. I was 12 years old when I first went to Six Flag, SST. Louis, Missouri. The Youth Program at my church had been waiting all summer for this fun trip. I was excited and talked about all the rides I would get on. Water rides being number one because It was blistering hot and felt Like a 100 degrees. Although, I wasnt a great swimmer I knew I would be safely trapped In. The reallocates was my biggest fear but I was determined to face It. Matter of fact, this was the last ride because the line was so long and plus I was scared. I cant say that I everyone In line was brave because I notice people getting out of line. We will write a custom essay sample on Real Thrill Experience or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I dont know If It was because of the Walt or the fear. Fear almost began to sink In but I stood brave and waited. I got In line; I stood there 30 minutes contemplating if I should step out of line Like so many others. It was too late Finally, my turn came to go on the scariest ride called, Batman. This two minute ride was 10 stories tall.Feeling up for the challenge I decided to take the risk. My heart raced as I walked through the gate. I was a nervous wreck when they pulled down my seat harness. I didnt hear a click; I was scared out my mind. Before they pulled the lever down, a guy came by to make sure all the seats was secured. The ride went slow at first and within seconds, it took a turn. I was leaning sideways; my head bumping all over the place and then all of sudden it went so fast. I wanted to scream but it was too late to react. I closed my eyes tightly. I was feeling as if my stomach would drop to y feet.I opened my eyes once and all I could see was the crowd down below the ride upside down. I quickly realize I needed to keep them close as I continue to be brave. The ride started to slow down and I was a little wobbly when I step out the ride. A couple of my buddies were waiting patiently outside the gate. They all asked with excitement in their eyes, so how was it. I look back at the reallocates and said, It was fun, scary, and exciting all at the same time. Convincing only one togged back on the ride, the others said, No way were not brave enough. I didnt much lame them but was happy I faced my reallocates fear. Realizing that being courageous while facing my fear wasnt so bad after all. Lisa Punches,Writer Make Me Over By devotedness profess courage and act accordingly. Whats my definition of bravery? I believe it rides I would get on. Water rides being number one because it was blistering hot and felt like a 100 degrees. Although, I wasnt a great swimmer I knew I would be safely strapped in. The reallocates was my biggest fear but I was determined to face it. Scared.I cant say that I everyone in line was brave because I notice people getting UT of line. I dont know if it was because of the wait or the fear. Fear almost began to sink in but I stood brave and waited. I got in line; I stood there 30 minutes contemplating if I should step out of line like so many others. It was too late! Finally, harness. I didnt hear a click; I was scared out my mind. Before they pulled the lever said, It was fun, scary, and exciting all at the same time. Convincing only one to get back on the ride, the others said, No way were not brave enough.

The Marine Corp Memorial Essays - Battle Of Iwo Jima,

The Marine Corp Memorial The Marine Corp Memorial East Carolina University The Marine Corp Memorial On February 19, 1945 five Marines and one Sailor participated in an event that would forever change the course of events for the Marine Corps. Undoubtedly one of the most powerful images of the 20th century is the flag raising atop Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima. The flag raising captured the courage, commitment and honor that these Marines held as they reached the top. These individuals were only doing what they were instructed to do, but it was the Pulitzer Prize winning photograph that was taken by Joe Rosenthal that turned this war time event into a world wide historical event. Behind the eagle, globe and anchor, the flag raising has taken the form of a second emblem for the Marine Corps. Felix de Weldon was at the time of the flag raising in the United States Navy. Felix was already a world-renounced sculptor. At the age of seventeen he won a sculptor contest in his native Austria. He studied in France, Italy and Spain and eventually studied archeology at Oxford. Upon arriving in the United States he fell in love with this country and its culture. He joined the U.S. Navy as a Seabee. Felix de Weldon has been referred to as the artist to the presidents and kings. Felix was so moved by the photograph that he constructed a scale model and then later a life size model of it. Gagnon, Hayes, and Bradley, the three survivors of the flag raising posed for the sculptor. The original statue which was cast in plaster went on display in front of the Old Navy Building in Washington D.C. from 1945-1946. It was used to promote war bonds around the country. In 1946 General Vandegrift was so moved by the statue that he had Felix de Weldon transferred from the Navy to the Marine Corps and commissioned him to produce the memorial we see today. The memorial like any other in Washington was met with controversy. The primary dispute came from the National Sculpture Society. This society had done all of the big memorials in Washington and did not what to be left out on this one. The Governments Commission of Fine Arts also joined in the attempt to stop the memorial. The commission appointed by the president, was a body of aesthetic consultants that had jurisdiction over art placed on federal property in the capital. The battle was not between the Marines and the post war modernist but a struggle among the advocates of traditional representational art. The commission wanted the Marine Corp league to drop de Weldon and go with an artist through open competition. The Marines knew de Weldons version of the statue and that was the statue they wanted. Ten professors from American University collectively dismissed de Weldons sculpture as mediocrity and called it ordinary, ineffective, and unsculpturesque. Donald De Lu president of th e National Sculpture Society stated that: Instead of immortalizing the brave Marines who have given their lives for their country, the proposed design, if permitted to be carried out would be only a source of bitter resentment, violent criticism, and ridicule. William Wheeler, later to become the President of the Sculpture Society, submitted as letter to Secretary of State Forrestal claiming numerous wrong doings by de Weldon. These charges ranged from shady business practices, expired visa, misrepresenting art, and shipping busts that were still wet and the suing for damages when they arrived damaged. In late 1947 the monument received another setback. The Commission of Fine Art, which has the aesthetic approval of all monuments placed in the Washington area, rejected the memorial because of its size and the location that was selected. Later that same year the Marine Corps War Memorial Foundation was formed with General Denig as president and Harry Dash as head of finance. It was later discovered that Harry Dash was embezzling funds amounting to over $100,000 of the contributions. This setback almost put an end to the memorial but though the tenacity of a Marine General almost all of the funds were recovered and construction on the memori al resumed. On the 176th birthday of the Marine Corps November 10th, 1954

The Politics of Equitable Development in Malaysia

This paper was initially meant to be a presentation in an event hosted by the American Political Science Association. The association commissioned the study and it owns the copyright to this research. The paper is a study focusing on the impressive growth of the Malaysian economy and its origin. The presentation is titled â€Å"The Politics of Equitable Development in Malaysia† and it was first presented in 2002.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Politics of Equitable Development in Malaysia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The presentation covers various political and economic activities in Malaysia beginning from the late 1960s to the early 2000s. The article pays special attention to Malaysia’s New Economic Policy (NEP) of 1969. The paper’s main argument is that â€Å"the pursuit and achievement of equitable development is largely a function of political dynamics†1. The article b egins by noting that Malaysia has had an impressive rate of progression. This progression has led to a stable economic growth. According to the article, this growth is as a result of both social and economic policies that specifically target the poor in Malaysia. In addition, it is noted that the New Economic Policy is at the centre of the integration between social and economic policies. The article continues by noting the two goals of the NEP that were spelt out in the Second Malaysian Plan. The mode of inequality eradication in Malaysia is compared to that of China. The paper states that unlike in China, poverty eradication did not focus on a single policy. It is noted that among the policies initiated through the NEP include social spending, rural development, industrial restructuring, and human capital2. The article then continues to explore each of these policies independently. The presentation’s main goal is to investigate the role of political dynamics when Malaysia w as pursuing equitable development. The article lists the records of economic growth in Malaysia from 1971 to 2000. The incidences of poverty in Malaysia between 1970 and 1993 are also listed. The list indicates declining incidences of poverty and a sustained economic growth. The study then explores the structure of the NEP. According to the paper, the NEP was initially meant to steer the country’s economy and reduce incidences of poverty across Malaysia irrespective of race or ethnicity. The NEP was representative of both the interests of the poor and the capitalistic class. The article then discusses the rural development policy. It is noted that rural development in Malaysia mostly focuses on the agricultural sector but also spreads to healthcare and institutional support. The taxation and public expenditure policy is also addressed in this presentation. This policy is said to have been successful in redistributing wealth.Advertising Looking for report on business eco nomics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The article goes on to explore the role of health and educational policies as tools of poverty eradication. By formulating effective educational and health policies, the Malaysian government was able to demonstrate an equitable redistribution of resources. The article concludes by restating the main argument and listing the challenges associated with the Malaysian political and economic actions. The ignored areas of growth are also listed in this presentation. The strong points of the implemented policies are then restated. One of the elements that I found to be of importance in this presentation is the multi-layered policy implementation by the Malaysian government. Most countries always tend to rely on a single policy to effect significant economic, political, and social change. This presentation details an ensemble of policies that were used in countering inequality and poverty in Malaysia . This means that this â€Å"East Asia economic miracle† did not depend on a single enforcer or policy but it was a collective effort3. Most of the other countries that have successfully dealt with the inequality issue have had to rely on communistic policies. For example, the Communist Party in China reformed the land policy in order to deal with the issue of inequality once and for all. Although this policy was largely successful, it undermined the spirit of capitalism. However, none of the Malaysian-based policies directly undermines capitalism. This makes the Malaysian case to stand out from most of the other recorded economic turnarounds. Some policies such as institutional support and capital grants are always employed in communist economies. However, they are mostly structured in such a manner that they support communism. This was not the case in Malaysia because even capitalists benefited from the NEP. The political aspect of the battle against inequality and poverty in Malaysia presents an interesting angle to this paper. This is because the marriage between effective economic and political policies is rarely witnessed. In Malaysia’s case, the dominant political party had a substantial capitalist representation. This group would have wanted the status quo to remain in order to safe guard its capitalistic interests.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Politics of Equitable Development in Malaysia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is why the effectiveness of the NEP is often referred to as an Eastern Asia Miracle. There are those who argue that the success of the NEP was occasioned by the 1969 ethnic riots. This group argues that the government was hard pressed by the unfolding events and something drastic had to be done. However, the sustainment of these economic policies refutes such claims because the government could have undermined the policies after the situ ation reverted to normal. The â€Å"miracle† element of this economic turnaround is also highlighted by the economic situations in other developing countries. Over half of the developing countries in Asia and Africa have at one time or another attempted to undertake an economic policy similar to the Malaysian NEP. Many of these policies fail due to lack of political will and the fact that most politicians are the main beneficiaries of social inequality. It is also important to note that in the course of over four decades that the Malaysian economy has flourished, the country’s economic policies have not received any major threats from the political class. All these facts make this Asian economic miracle seem more impressive. The manner in which this presentation is structured leaves little room for errors. However, the presentation should have compared the developments of the Malaysian economy to other economies outside the Asian continent. This is because some economi es in South America and Africa bear striking resemblances to the Malaysian economy. Comparing Malaysia with China and India is somehow out of line because of the obvious differences in population and GDP. On the other hand, several countries in South America and Africa resemble Malaysia in terms of population, GDP, reliance in Agriculture, and low industrial development. The researchers should have been able to make this connection. In addition, most of these countries have used Malaysia as the case study for formulating their own economic policies.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This article offers an insightful presentation on the role played by politics in effective implementation of economic policies in Malaysia. The presentation offers a detailed account of the events that have transpired over the course of four decades since the NEP was formulated. Bibliography American Political Science Association. â€Å"The Politics of Equitable Development in Malaysia.† Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, MA, August 28-31, 2002. Footnotes 1 American Political Science Association. â€Å"The Politics of Equitable Development in Malaysia† (Presentation, Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, MA, August 28-31, 2002). 2 American Political Science Association. â€Å"The Politics of Equitable Development in Malaysia† (Presentation, Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, MA, August 28-31, 2002). 3 American Political Science Association. à ¢â‚¬Å"The Politics of Equitable Development in Malaysia† (Presentation, Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, MA, August 28-31, 2002). This report on The Politics of Equitable Development in Malaysia was written and submitted by user Taraji Michael to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Factor of Audience

The Factor of Audience Imagine the following scenario: you have been asked to compose an essay about your life that your children will someday read. What would you say? How would you say it? What details would you include knowing that it would only be read by your children?Now imagine that you have been given the same task, only this time the essay would be published in a national magazine. Knowing that this essay would be read by your friends and family- as well as by your employer, your peers, and by perfect strangers- how would it differ from the first one? Would the details be different? Would your tone change? Would you leave out a few details for the sake of possible embarrassment or misunderstanding?In each case, the audience of your work made a difference in how you write. In fact, one of the first things you learn as a writer is the factor of audience. Regardless of the genre, style, or purpose of your writing, consideration of audience is vital in writing effectively. In the above scenarios, your tone, choice of words, and depth of intimacy in your writing would probably differ between the two essays- although both were basically on the same topic. In a similar sense, having an understanding of your audience before you approach any writing task is crucial to a successful outcome.This fact is often most difficult for academic writing. If you are writing as a class assignment, then the obvious audience for your work will be your professor (or TA, or class peers). Lets take, for example, an assignment on Shakespeares poetic techniques. You are aware that your professor is a preeminent Shakespearian scholar, so there is no need to explain the terminology you mention within your writing, or the credentials of your resources used- right?Not so fast. While academic writing assignments do assume a certain level of knowledge with the topic, if you fail to follow through with your arguments and explanations in a concise and thorough way, your professor could see it as a weakness in y our writing. This is especially true of most undergraduate-level writing, as professors tend to want to see your ability to explain your thesis, rather than your ability to astound them with your relevant and innovative slant on the topic. However, academic writing for dissertations and future publication in academic journals is slightly different. In these cases, it is generally safe to assume that your audience is familiar with the basics of the topic, requiring less explanation on your part of the commonly known terms and/or theories.In other forms of writing- particularly creative writing- audience should always be your first consideration before putting pen to paper (or fingers to the keyboard). If you are writing an article, short story, or novel for hopes of future publication, knowing your audience will be the most important part of the process- outside of good writing, of course. Many writers even use the factor of audience as a springboard for coming up with the content, r ather than the other way around. They might find a particular niche or magazine that is looking for fresh content, and then later decide upon a topic after researching the intended audience. For example, a regional magazine that focuses on rural living would have a readership interested in all facets of country life. A writer seeking publication within this magazine would consider the readership, read past articles published by the magazine to determine the reading level of the readership, then come up with a concept and topic accordingly. In this situation, an article about heirloom recipes or seasonal gardens would definitely be chosen for publication over one about public transportation or urban schools.Editors should consider audience as thoroughly as writers should- if not more so. One of the first things an editor will deliberate when reading a manuscript for possible publication is whether or not there will be an audience for that book or article, and if so, does it give them what they want? Editors are trained to know what people want to read, and generally have a good eye in determining if a particular writer hits the mark. They will edit your manuscript or rough draft accordingly, and offer suggestions for changes that might broaden your audience (for more sales) or help you in relating better to a specific age group or gender.When you are editing your own work, the easiest way to factor in your audience is to read it as if you were your own reader, rather than the writer. While this sounds easier said than done, it is really just a matter of stepping back from your writing. Usually this is best done if you wait a day or two after youve finished writing, and then read it with your reader in mind. Ask yourself the following questions: If I were reading this for the first time, would I be confused about something? and Is this something I would be interested in reading if I were a [insert your audience here]?Considering your audience is a mixture of mar keting and psychology. You must first question who would be your reader, and then question if they would identify with, or enjoy reading, your work. If you take the time to brainstorm these details before you even begin writing, youll save yourself a lot of time and energy by zeroing in on the perfect tone and topic for your intended audience.

Group Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Group Dynamics - Essay Example On then other hand, Jung & Sosik (2002) indicate that group dynamics ahs been beneficial to the organization since it aids the management in devising problem solving skills in the workplace. Through group dynamics, the management has been able to create team work among its employees; thus, creativity and cooperation in the workplace. A group is inclusive of several people who come together with the aim of achieving a common objective. Group dynamics refers attitudinal and characteristics in behaviour of a given group (Robbins, 2007). Group dynamics are relevant to the organization in the HS engineering firm where there are several group dynamics in the Leeds firm that work together with the aim of achieving organizational objectives. The study of group dynamics within an organization will enable one understand the status of an organization (Cheringtan, 2004). However, group dynamics can only be successful if the management organizes the various aspects of groups in the workplace (Lov elace, Shapiro & Weingart, 2001). Among these attributes include the size of the groups, the characteristics of the members of these groups, their norms beliefs, and finally, the nature of tasks that they perform so as to be successful in their quest to create team work. Through categorization of these attributes in the organization gives the management an opportunity to strategies the kind of activities that ought to be performed in the workplace ands at what pace. From the HS engineering firm case study, group dynamics has not been alienated from the functioning of the organization. In the Leeds firm for instance, several aspects of group dynamics have been put in place to see to the success of the organization. Through analysis of the group dynamics of the organization, the management has been able to clearly understand what aspects to apply so as to understand the entire organization (Marcus, 1998). With the HS engineering company having other branches in other parts of the coun try, there was dire need by the company to understand the functionality of all the branches in the workplace. A closer scrutiny of the case also indicates that the company has gone through massive changes all in attempt to survive in the market. In the long run, the company has experienced massive losses in some of its branches that led to the closure of the same. This indicates that the management has dedicated a lot of efforts in understanding the operations of the company. Social identify theory states that individual group dynamics help to obtain a sense of identity and acquire self actualization. This reduces the rate of conflict within the organization. As an illustration from the HS engineering sample the major conflicts that arise due to the change taking place within the organization include; loss in manufacturing industries, there is an expectation of 30% reduction in the financial status of the company. The different group dynamics established had their own needs that lea d to the closure of some of them due to poor management. Mangold & Miles (2002) and Moritz &Watson (1998) indicate that leaders of organizations can only implement the aspects of group dynamics if the management of the organization is well conversant with the occurrences in the organization, no matter how minute they may seem. All organizations

Film Franchises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Film Franchises - Essay Example The Harry Potter (#5,7,11,14) film franchise, meanwhile, is a pentalogy while the Star Wars series (8,17,20) is an octology (IMDb. All-Time Worldwide Box Office). It is worthwhile to mention that the James Bond film franchise, which consists of a series of 23 films ranks first The hereinabove data is a potent proof of the reality that in the movies, moviegoers would rather prefer to patronize movies which they are familiar with in terms of the characters and the story lines and which they know beforehand that there is a high possibility of them enjoying the movies to the hilt. They would rather not risk their money and time with films which they are not so sure whether the quality, the acting and the direction and the story would be to their liking. Like in books, comic strips, TV serials, one good thing must lead to another. are a ready, hard-core audience, a marketing hook and a possibility of generating new fanatics by simply improving the visual quality of the succeeding serials through the taking advantage of advances in cinematic technology especially the special effects phase of film making. Sadly though, many movie producers fail to sustain the movie going public's interest in their purported movie franchises, inevitably run out of steam and end up only in the sequel stage. Others run short of ideas and need the most opportune time to stage another reboot or even a prequel to continue the movie franchise undertaking. An example of this is The Chronicles of Narnia which had already netted more than $1.168 billion but is at the moment stymied in its production of a third serial, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, due to a finalisation of a more convincing and appealing screenplay (Sammons 2004, p.48). The most crucial challenge to all though, would be how to vigorously maintain the franchise's commerc ial appeal and potential and yet make it firmly self-contained as a narrative so that it will not end up churning a "series that outstays its welcome" (Thompson 2008, p.7). History of Film Franchises The movie world took a while to discover the magic and the marketing power of film franchises. Since the birth of cinema on December 28, 1895 when French

Modelo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modelo - Essay Example Modelo’s expansion strategy was made possible through its strategic alliance with its two main distributors; Bartisor and grambrinus, experienced, creative and knowledgeable subsidiaries with knowledge about local customers in the US market. This strategy ensured that the risk of increase in taxes is hedged. These distributors were delegated with all the value chain processes of the activities except production which was being carried out the parent firm, Group Modelo back in Mexico. They had autonomous control on decisions regarding the marketing, insurance, transportation and creatively marketing captains, from which a campaign that leapfrogged the Grupo Modelo’s sales emanated from in 1986. As pointed out in the report, wine is more competitive in Italy and Ireland unlike beer. Therefore, it will have an opportunity to attempt to enter these foreign markets by both mergers and acquisition from the local importers and distributors. They ca also adopt other strategic alliances with highly expertise- mature companies in this countries. It can be pointed out that, for the company to stand tall, it needs, a sharper differentiation, identifying and focusing on the key marketing that region and developing a creative Marketing development as a strategy

The Cold War: A New History

The Cold War: A New History By 1945, World War II came to an end, but there was no victorious celebration or a promising future of hope for peace. The members of the Grand Alliance had already toasted their success in winning the war. However, the United States and the Soviet Union became wary of each other as they had very different goals regarding how to deal with Germany and eastern Europe. The competing visions of the two countries had led the world to fall under the shadow of the Cold War. In his one-volume-book The Cold War: A New History, John Lewis Gaddis examines the dynamics of the political conflicts that dominated the world from the end of World War II to the late 1980s. John Lewis Gaddis is currently the Robert A. Lowett professor of history at Yale University. He is a distinguished historian who had written six other books on the subject of the cold war. In 2005, he was also rewarded a National Humanities Medal by the National Endowment for the humanities (Gaddis, back of front cover). Unlike his previous six books, Gaddis was convinced by his students and agent to write a short, comprehensive, and accessible (Gaddis, pg x). He had intended to write his book for a new generation of readers for whom the Cold War was never current events' (Gaddis, pg x). From many research from the works other Cold War historians and as well as his own analysis, Gaddis created a masterpiece of work that leads his reader through the history of a fearful era and behind-the-scene strategies and thoughts on both sides of the war. His objectives were to reveal the underlying dynamics of the political struggles of the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union that shaped, and threatened to end, our lives (Gaddis, back of front cover) while intertwining with his own judgments of the historical events. The superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, may have collaborated together to end the World War II; however, their visions of shaping the postwar settlement of Germany and eastern Europe could not have been more different. As Gaddis had stated in his book, The tragedy was this: that victory would require the victors either to cease to be who they were, or to give up much of what they had hoped, by fighting the war, to attain (Gaddis, pg 6). Stalin of the Soviet Union desired security for himself, his regime, his country, and his ideology, in precisely that order (Gaddis, pg 6). He solely believed that his country deserved a lot of territories because of the wartime expenditures that caused the countrys land to be ravaged and the notorious, bloody casualties of an approximate of 27 million civilians that died as a result of World War II (Gaddis, pg 9). He also had a zealous dream which was influenced by the Marxist-Leninist ideology that communists would soon dominate Eur ope through patience because capitalists cannot comply with one another for long. On the other hand, unlike Stalin, the Americans had a less determined goal of grasping security and global influence of their democratic ideas. Most part of Americas history was isolated from the rest of the world until its involvement in World War I. Americans did not have to worry much about security since they were apart from the other continents up until their involvement in the world wars. Within time, the distrust between the United States and the Soviet Union intensified by major issues such as the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and especially the fear of the atomic bomb. President Truman announced to provide military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey along with a speech that publicized the aid program in supporting the free people to make their own destinies (which became known as the Truman Doctrine). As the Americans searched for an explanation of the Soviet behavior, George F. Kennan, a Foreign Service officer who served in the American embassy, found the problem that the Soviet Unions internally driven hostility toward the outside world (Gaddis, pg 31). After the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan was devised as a solution to Kennans identification of problem, which was committing the United States to provide economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe. The Marshall Plan was intended to produce psychological benefits that would prevent Europeans to not tu rn towards communism as a solution for their hunger and poverty. According to Gaddis, the Marshall Plan was a trap to get Stalin to build the wall that would divide Europe, which was the blockade of Berlin (Gaddis, pg 32). The fear of the atomic bomb was probably most intensifying cause of the distrust between the two superpowers. The atomic bomb was developed by the Americans and British (without telling the Soviet), called the Manhattan Project, to use against Germany. When the bomb was used on Japan, Stalin reacted strongly, War is barbaric, but using the A-bomb is a superbarbarity (qtd. by Gaddis, pg 25). Not soon after, Soviet scientists devised atomic bombs in August 1949 to Stalins relief. Silently, Stalin and Truman both knew well enough how the atomic weapons can hardly be used without destroying the world. Gaddis analyzed how the two sides did not go into war, especially with the nuclear weapons involved because those weapons could very well end the world. The Cold War spends a good amount of time in examining the emergence of autonomy during the Cold War. However, Gaddis was not focusing on the decolonization of the various countries. Instead, the author dove into what was beneath the surface by showing how the non-alignment of independent countries had an advantage by not committing to either side of the Cold War. As Gaddis writes, if one superpower became too great, a smaller power could defend itself by threatening to align with the other superpower (pg. 124). Other countries such as North and South Korea, North and South Korea, and East and West German kept the two superpowers on their hooks. The weaknesses of those countries became their strength because if their countries collapsed, the countries may turn to communism (which is what the United States does not want) or capitalism (which is what the Soviet Union does not want). The best way to put to is in Gaddis words, a compelling form of Cold War blackmail: if you push me too h ard, my government will fall, and youll be sorry (pg. 130). In this short, comprehensive, and accessible book, Gaddis did an impressive job to discuss and condense down his judgments and the history of the entire era of the Cold War in a fewer than 300-pages of text. Gaddis divided his book into nine different chapters, in which each chapter covers a different topic that were occurring on both sides of the Cold War. Although each chapter covers a different topic, Gaddis subdivided each chapter into smaller sections, yet still able to compel the events or topics in a sequenced manner which allows the reader to follow along without confusion. In each topic, Gaddis does not only provide the hard facts that happen but examines and provides insightful analysis of how the events or ideologies influenced the leaders of the superpowers. This made it difficult to summarize and capture everything of what the author has to offer to the reader about an era that is commonly written about. In the center of the book, Gaddis provided sixteen pages of black-and-white photos that are organized in chronological order of the important people that made up the history of the Cold War as well as events. In addition, there were maps of Europe that added as a visual aid for the reader as the author explains territorial changes, bases, and alliances of the two superpowers. The author was very straightforward with what he had to say, which makes it easy to read and understand, and revealing to his audiences of what the superpower leaders were truly thinking of and their strategies in reaching their ambitions. However, there are flaws or bad choices of events that the author decided to take time to talk about. For instance, Gaddis spent two to three pages on the Watergate crisis, which led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. As a reader, one may find how such an event is irrelevant to the Cold War. Overall, it was impressive of how the author organized the numerous events of the Cold War into a one-volume book. The writing style of Gaddis is very absorbing, which makes the book to be enjoyable to read. He chose great quotes from leaders and other people during that time that backs the judgments he makes. Also, he included little anecdotes that supplement his grand narrative of analysis of the various events of the Cold War. For example, every person who has some background knowledge of the Cold War knows that the atomic bombs were not used since the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. However, he started out on the second chapter telling the reader how General MacArthur commanded five atomic bombs to be dropped on the Chinese advancing down the Korean peninsula and two Soviet bombers took off from Vladivostok (Gaddis, pg. 48-49). I was momentarily fooled by this little fiction Gaddis created. The purpose of the story was to show how close the world was to have a nuclear-violent war that could virtually destroy the entire planet. I would definitely recommend this book to anyone who anyone who is interested in the Cold War because the book is not just a history book that provides hard facts about events, but also deep analysis of how the events influenced leaders during that era and the future of today. The book is not difficult to read but it would be better if the reader already had some background knowledge of the World War II and the Cold War. The book is worthy for a reader to take their time and absorb the analytical thoughts, examples, and anecdotes that the author conveys. Gaddis examines the different aspects of the events switching and back and forth between the perspectives of the two superpowers. While doing so, he guides the reader through the history of the Cold War without missing any of the commonly-known landmarks of the era providing a well-written narrative of the authors own interpretation and the history itself.

Sweatshop Labor: Wearing Thin Essay example -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For most people in the United States, the term â€Å"slave to fashion† relates to an individual’s desire always to be wearing the latest fashions from trendy clothing lines. In a twist of supreme irony, the designation applies much more literally to the legions of poverty-stricken sweatshop laborers worldwide who toil away under miserable conditions to produce the snappy apparel that Americans purchase in droves on a daily basis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conditioned by a media that places considerable emphasis on possessing a stylish wardrobe, the majority of U.S. consumers are far too awash in their own culture -- one that is notorious for the value it places on material wealth -- to be sensitive to the plight of these indigent foreigners. And although the US media’s fleeting scrutiny of sweatshop conditions five years ago did make the issue a greater part of the national consciousness than ever before, not enough people changed their buying habits as a result -- or at least not enough to make a dent in the all-important bottom line of guilty corporations. Indeed, major American retailers of clothing and other apparel products have not changed this despotic element of their business practices in the least despite the negative publicity; in fact, they continue to exploit laborers in foreign, mostly Third-World countries to an alarming degree.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The scope of the problem is such that hundreds of residents in a town as small and isolated as Santa Cruz have at some point been employed in sweatshops in impoverished nations. Santa Cruz resident Lorenzo Hernandez endured years of mistreatment at a Doall Enterprises factory in El Salvador before immigrating with his wife and two sons to Santa Cruz in September, 2000. He now works full-time as a cook at Tony and Alba’s Pizza in Scotts Valley, and while he scarcely earns above minimum wage in his current position, it represents a substantial improvement to the abject conditions under which he labored for so many years in his home country. â€Å"They treated us very badly (in El Salvador),† Hernandez said. â€Å"I earned not enough to live on. My family could only buy two shirts and pants (per person), and we were always hungry. I worked 14, 16 hours a day but still did not make enough.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hernandez speaks and moves with the languor of a man... ...ation or escape in religion. Fittingly, while more affluent people in the United States disregard the reality of sweatshop labor because they are preoccupied with trying to sport cutting-edge fashions, the people of Ciudad Juarez seek to disguise their realities because they are so painful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Faced with such unsettling tales of human suffering, Saganovich remains resolute: â€Å"Wal-Mart is simply looking out for its best interests, and this alleged mistreatment of foreign laborers isn’t anywhere near as bad as a lot of people make it out to be. The people who are speaking out so strongly against us are little more than a type of propagandists with their own agendas. Nobody forces anyone to work anywhere, and a lot of them are coming to America and making better lives for themselves.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hernandez is one of a relatively small number of lucky immigrants who have realized a greater level of wealth and comfort in the States, but he will never forget the anguish his previous jobs brought him and his compatriots. â€Å"It’s great, I can afford clothes and food here now,† he said. â€Å"But I try to buy from stores (that) don’t have sweatshops.†

Peer Gynt

Peer Gynt Response Paper The story of â€Å"Peer Gynt† helps explore the state of mind of the self throughout the adventures of Peer Gynt, it also projects the human soul beyond the limits of time. In Peer's words â€Å"I don't know what I'm looking for† (Ibsen ) show that he is a young man experimenting with life by taking on various roles and disguises. In this respect, the story of Peer Gynt can be read as a psychological drama. However, the presence of figures such as the trolls, the Boyg and sphinx illustrates that the play is also mythological. â€Å"Peer Gynt† is as well characterized by religious concerns and it is also metaphysical to some extent.This is pointed out through the way Peer lives through his dreams and attains salvation through Solveig. The first part of the play is Peer in his own society, an outcast, who needs to escape from a society that is restricting him. Weaving of tales is very important in this play since it is through his dreams th at Peer will become emperor of the world. Only Peer knows how to create an imaginative world. To get out of his present state of poverty, Peer Gynt resorts to tale-telling to uplift himself and his mother from the cruelty of society. People become what they are because of society and the way it functions.The international travels of Peer shows a man who yearns for freedom from home, and pursues his dreams of power, sexual fulfilment, never growing old. These are the dreams of most people. Peer Gynt's physical journey is also his mental journey through which he enters a process of discovering the human self. Peer's quest is not so specific and in his pursuit he ultimately comes face-to-face with the search for identity. Peer steals away Ingrid during her wedding ceremony, only to abuse her and discard her. After this pitiful act he is forced to flee the village.This leads Peer to descend into the world of the trolls, where he finds the Green Woman, the Troll King's Daughter. Descent in the world of the trolls, for Peer Gynt is the descent into an irrational world where only desires matter. The fact that Peer Gynt tries to to love the troll maidens so as to enter the troll kingdom shows that he is losing his bearings. There is a kind of beast or not civilized feeling which is represented through the trolls. Their world is the exact opposite of the world of morality. In act 2, we find Peer is simultaneously in the human world and the supernatural world (Solveig and the trolls).Ibsen's dramatic psychology also centers upon the figure of the troll who are extremely self-centred. In most humans there is a troll, and that Ibsen's play masterly shows this. This quote from the Boyg ,† He was too strong; women have saved him! † (Ibsen ) represents the better part of Peer's nature takes up to him when Solveig comes to him. Peer Gynt as a self can only trust his own goodness when that goodness is reflected in someone else. The fact that he goes to help his mom through death shows the positive aspect of his nature. As his mother dies, Peer, across language, takes her through an imaginative world by weaving a tale of beauty.The complex bond between mother and son is there through imagination. The bonds with his past are severed with the death of his mother. Solveig and Ase are symbolical of human ties which make Peer Gynt and they save his soul many a time. However, Peer enters the lowest pits of mental, physical and spiritual degeneration when he takes up the sea journey. Peer fills the air with exaggerated stories and complete untruths. The fourth act which opens in Morocco is dramatically highly entertaining and it introduces themes which have to do with international problems.It makes visible the gradual want of Peer Gynt to become the emperor of the world. He comes out as a cynical businessman. From the peak of success, he encounters opposition, greed and treachery. He falls to the depth of the materialistic business man (slave trade) which makes him lose his soul. Peer Gynt simultaneously enters the world of pyramids and the netherworld he has created by entering the asylum. It represents the irrational uniqueness he wanted to attain. The beauty and sanity of the world he left behind now become more apparent. As Peer journeys through a landscape of his own disordered and crazy imagination.Peer’s, progress through the world becomes a spiritual regression. Spiritual exhaustion becomes a manifest as paralyzed moral will, non-commitment to a set of values, as self-alienation, depersonalization. Duplication and regression are the conditions the spirit is doomed to if it accepts the troll condition of â€Å"to thyself be enough† instead of the human â€Å"to thyself be true. † (Ibsen ) The shock to see mental isolation of individuals, of death propels Peer Gynt to move upwards. They put him back on the route to return. Being true to yourself is to seek for autonomy.We must note the fact that when he is robbed of all his property, Peer prays to God for help and his yacht mysteriously blows up with all on board. This evokes a feeling of mysticism. Through the quote â€Å"My world is ugly and happiness over,† (Ibsen ) Peer looks back upon his wasted life and peels an onion, he lets each layer represent a different role he has played but finds no core. Peer finally discovers that his ‘true self' dissolved due to his self-seeking and ruinous lifestyle. By deserting family ties, Peer Gynt entered the worst stages of moral and physical decline.It is well known that it is relationships which make the identity, the self. Peer Gynt existed more genuinely in Solveig's imagination and it is because of her faith, hope and love that he does not go to hell. Redemption comes through the love of Solveig which has endured and remained pure and untainted. Around Peer Gynt, who is a mythical figure in Norway, is a world and its people and also native myths, politics and religion. The play is a huge journey which has psychology but it also explores other edges of life. Bibliography Ibsen , Henrik. Peer Gynt. Mineola : Dover publications, 2003. eBook.

Importance of external factors Essays

Importance of external factors Essays Importance of external factors Essay Importance of external factors Essay In an administration there are several factors influence the growing and public presentation of the administration. There are some factors which are influence the organisation can be controlled by the direction but some factors are beyond the organisation direction control. The factors which are controlled by the administration known as internal factors and factors which are beyond the direction control known as external factors such as Political. economical. societal and proficient factors. Political Factors: For BA political factors are really of import for concern growing. As this company is runing around the universe and involved in air conveyance. country’s political tenseness can halter its normal operation every bit good as the gross income. Economic: economical factor is another of import factor for such company. As still air travel is expensive. people’s ability to go and economic conditions should be considered when be aftering for BA. As an illustration BA faced a immense loss when the European recession started. Technological: Entire concern related to BA is based on the engineering. As the air conveyance sector is excessively competitory. all companies are ever ready to catch the new engineering as a gift for their possible clients. So. as taking company BA ever has to see the technological factors within its concern. Expectations of a stakeholders Stakeholders include those persons. groups. and other organisations who have an involvement in the actions of an organisation and who have the ability to act upon it. The stakeholder attack consistently integrates executives’ concerns about organisational scheme with the organization’s involvements in selling. human resource direction. public dealingss. organisational political relations. and societal duty. This integrative position assumes that an effectual organisation scheme requires consensus from a plurality of cardinal stakeholders about what it should be making and how these things should be done. The degree of stakeholders outlooks are depends on the assorted factors and types of stakeholders in a company. Sing all afcts BA’s stakeholders outlooks are stated below: O Risk direction of the company. o Technological alteration within the company. o Financial and economical public presentation of the company. o Environmental and ethical battle. o Contibution to societal. cultural and economical. O Policy for the future external and internal factors. o Program to turn to any negative impact. o Future development and ends. Major alterations in the external environment As a company in air hose sector BA is runing and has many offices around the universe. So the socio-economic factors irrespective of geographic countries can be a good factor fro its strategic planning procedure. For illustration. BA had closed their all operation and office from most of south Asiatic states due to the uninterrupted loss. The chief ground for that loss was economic bad conditions in that country. Like this many socio-economic factors can be the major issues for BA’s scheme devising. During the political tenseness in middle-east many people ignored to go with BA. which caused a immense loss for its annual gross. Another of import alteration that could impact BA’s scheme is legal issues. BA faced assorted legal duties in different states that played a immense impact on their hereafter staretgy. Many states has different regulations for their air hose sector and BA has to follow those regulations to run its fleet in those states. A SWOT analysis of BA can be included here to measure its possible major alterations in external environment. Strength: ? 1. Merger and Acquisition ? ? 2. Opensky understanding. ? ? 3. Strong trade name image ? ? 4. Expansion of fleet Failing: ? 1. Cost of direction. ? ? 2. Decline profitableness ? ? 3. Labour work stoppage Opportunities: 1. Emergence of new market. ? 2. Increased travel concern in Europe. ? 3. Economic Restoration. Menaces: ? 1. Raising fuel cost. ? 2. Changing of consumers’ behavior. ? 3. Unstable political issues worldwide. PESTEL Analysis In order to mensurate success in air hose industry. en external environmental analysis is really of import. This PESTEL analysis will explicate the BA’s place in the market. peculiarly in footings of rivals and how it measuring to run into its current and future challenges. Factor Key Points Deductions for BA Political 1. Heavy ordinances. 2. Increased security due to past onslaughts. 1. Conformity is indispensable. 2. Sufficient security steps should be in topographic point. Economic 1. Global Economic Crisis. 2. Oil monetary value is non stable. 3. UK consumer saw largest diminution in disbursement. 1. Possible decrease of concern travel. 2. Directly impacting the BA’s cost base. Social Technological 1. UK has an aging population. 2. Increasing unemployment. 1. Online user usually use comparison site. 2. Online engagement and reserve going more popular. 1. Potential chance for growing as older individual will pass more clip in vacation. 2. Increased dickering power for new employees. 1. Increased deal power for both parties. 2. Must guarantee that BA’s remain up to day of the month. Ethical 1. Noise pollution control 2. Cancellations of flight and luggage loss. 1. New statute law. 2. Such ethical issues could hold a damaging consequence on repute if left unsolved. Legal 1. Collusion and monetary value repair. 2. Open skies understanding. 1. Restriction on amalgamations will hold an impact on BA’s proposed confederation with American Airlines. 2. Opportunity for BA and its rivals to freely transport aircraft between the EU and US. Undertaking 2 Analyse the effects of current concern program Any administration has to hold a elaborate program for their concern. This program determines the mission and vision of that administration. The strategic planning squad develop this concern program for the administration. By assesing this program any stakeholder or other external entities can acquire thought about the type and country of concern. There are many tools for analyzing the effects of such program over the administration. These analysis tools includes: SWOT Analysis. Value Chain Analysis. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis etc. To see the effects of concern program on BA. writer will utilize Porter’s Five forces tool here. British Airways- market place. by Porter’s Five forces: Force Strength 1. Competitive Competition: b. BA caters for other flights. c. There are really little diffrentiation between BA and other rivals in footings of pricing. d. Short Haul market is more disconnected by little participants. 2. Power of Supplier: a. Merely two providers for aircrafts. b. BA restricted by exclusive provider of fuel to the airdrome. 3. Power of Buyer: a. For long draw. clients has no pick most of the clip. B. Availability of flight and seats are non plenty c. Price usually changes harmonizing to demand. 4. Menaces to new Entrants: a. Competitive Environment. B. High regulative demands. c. High cost demands. 5. Menaces to replacements: a. Very few direct closed replacements. B. Short Haul flight: Euro Star or Ferry. c. Long Haul flights: No noteworthy replacements. High High Medium High Low Current Market poistion of BA In startegic manageemtn assorted tools are used to analyze the current market place of any administration. These tools are proven proficient analysis tools in direction sector. The analysis tools that largely used for the market place analysis are: BCG Matrix. GAP Analysis. Life Cycle Analysis. Market Share Analysis etc. In order to set about the BA’s current market portion analysis as asked in the class work. writer here used two tools. These are below. BCG matrix Figure 1: BCG Matrix ( Source: Emerald Insight 2012 ) British Airways had a great market portion and low growing in last few old ages. It is apparent that. they did non do any large investing either in their fleet or increasing the finish. which could do them hard currency cow. In recent. they changed their staretgies and concentrating on increasing fleet every bit good as spread outing the geographical market. BA’s another large strategic decesion was amalgamation with Liberia which eventually done on the terminal of 2010. This amalgamation will assist to increase BA’s gross as a one of the top in the avaiation inductry. By making so. BA will non merely bring forth the big sums of money they will besides devour big sum of money per twelvemonth. Therefore the hard currency in every way about nets out. This sort of activities proves that British Airways is going a Star but in slow procedure. Product/Service life rhythm Introduction Phase By the 1920’s Britain had a batch of air hose companies but due to strong competition many private British air bearers were forced out of concern. In 1923 all these companies merged to organize a individual British international air bearer called the Imperial Air conveyance. Meanwhile. the British air passages. had begun to enforce a large menace and competition to imperial air conveyance which resulted in the formation of the British Overseas Airways Cooperation was formed ( BOAC ) that subsequently combined with the BEA and 2 smaller companies formed the British Airways ( BA ) Growth Stage The growing can be easy marked by the debut of the concorde into the BA. In 1985 British Airways was made a public limited company. In February 1987 the denationalization was eventually consummated when 720. 2 million portions of British Airways stock were sold to the populace for one billion lbs. Expansion of fleet and paths were even more noticeable after amalgamations with other bearers like Bcal ( British Caledonian ) . Due to the enlargement of BA. another bearer Laker Airways were besides forced out of concern. This marked how dominant BA was turning out to be in the air bearer sector. Maturity Phase The BA amalgamations assured the laterality of the bearer in the place market secure for the clip being. During this phase confederations and amalgamations made/attempted by BA with other bearers in different markets were legion: Aliiance with Aeroflot in Russia to make Air Russia. Attempted amalgamation with KLM royal Dutch air passages. Broke down due to rating of the two houses. Purchased 25 % of Qantas air hoses in Australia. Gained 49. 9 % of the Gallic. TAT European Airlines. Started a German bearer called Deutsche BA with 49 % ownership. Measure the competitory strength and failing Harmonizing to Jhonson ( 2008 ) . a value concatenation analysis is undertaken when a reliable attack to develop competitory advantage has made. In here. in order to analyze the British Airways competitory advantages. value concatenation analysis has done. Figure 2: Value Chain Analysis ( Source: Emerald Insight 2008 ) Value Chain Analysis: Primary activities within value-chain analysis are the 1s that straight affect the concern within short period of clip and their affect is easy to supervise. They are inward logistics. operations. operations. outbound logistics. selling and gross revenues. and post-sales services. Inbound logistics. Goods received from company providers are referred to as inward logistics. Competitive advantage is achieved in inbound logistics phase of the concern by BA through set uping ongoing relationships with providers. sophisticated system for stock control and professional preparation that has been accredited by UK City and Guilds ( BA Press Office. 2008 ) Operations. By and large. operations phase of the concern involves fixing goods and services to be sold to clients. BA has a scope of competitory advantages in operations portion of the concern through offering its clients increased security for their baggage. offering speedy check-in services and besides offering some services such as ticket engagements and engagement of other services online. Selling and gross revenues are considered to be one of the chief evidences for deriving competitory advantage and normally is utilized by many companies to the full. Competitive border gained in selling and gross revenues by BA involve marketing activities non merely to clients. but besides to all stakeholders of the company. Besides. BA senior direction big sum of budget for selling and gross revenues enterprises for the company. Undertaking 3 Strategic options for British Air passages In order to develop strategic options for an organisation utilizing mold tools. writer here used Ansoff matrix. Here is the treatment with this tool. The Ansoff implies concern growing either by marketing new or bing merchandises in bing or new markets ( Shaw 2011. 83 ) . Market Penetration Although BA already has presence in the bing market it is confronting stiff competition. For illustration. in the short draw market. quickly saturating with budget air hoses. BA lost ?1 billion in grosss by terminal of 2009/2010 fiscal twelvemonth. The major options presently are 1 ) Bettering on people procedures including bag managing 2 ) Further investing on information engineering particularly on internet engagements ( British Air passages 2010. 58 ) Market development Market development scheme focuses on non-buying clients in already presently targeted sections and focal points on new clients in new sections ( Angwin. Cummings. Smith 2011. 73 ) . BA is seeking to recover some concern category clients from Virgin air hoses and other rivals. Merchandise development Product development entails the procedure used to convey new merchandises into the market. For illustration. BA introduced a new in-flight amusement system in the Boeing 777-300 ERs in 2010 and the First Cabin. a sophisticated Ne cabin that offers clients the opportunity to work. animate. eat and slumber ( British Air passages 2010. 67 ) . Diversification Diversification is a concern scheme that attempts to increase profitableness by presenting new merchandises in new markets. Formation of confederations is a comparatively new tendency in new markets. for case ; by join forcesing with India’s Kingfisher air hoses. BA will increase finish connexions and better flight agendas ( British Air passages 2010. 76 ) . Choice of the most feasible strategic options The best manner of making this is by extinguishing the least feasible options to stay with the most feasible options. Renovation of trade name image: British Airways already possesses the advantage of holding a globally recognised trade name name ( Buckingham 2011. 13 ) . Introduction of complimentary services: basically requires the recreation of capital financess to implement. Presently. it does non significantly heighten Product development ( Ansoff ) ( Punzel 2011. 32 ) . Diversifying into other transport markets- Diversification is presently non a precedence relation to other more good schemes ( Punzel 2011. 32 ) . Supply concatenation migration: As portion of variegation ( Ansoff ) . this is besides non a feasible scheme at this clip ( Belobaba. Odoni. Barnhart 2009. 67 ) . Options for future organizational scheme Through market cleavage. companies divide big heterogenous markets into smaller sections that can be reached more expeditiously with merchandises and services that match their alone demands. ( kotler. 2009 ) British Airways has divided it market cleavage into different variables. There are figure of variables involved in consumer market cleavage. entirely and in combination. These variables are: Geographic variables Demographic variables Psychographic variables Behavioral variables Occupation- British Air passages give excess benefit for High Class. Some of the benefits like Club Card. Income- Peoples who are into concern category can go in British air passages as airfare are really high. Nationality – In British airway all different sort of nationality travel.

Free Essays on The Sociological Approach

The Sociological Approach Several years ago the New York Times asked several foreign photographers to comment on which one of their captured images is most telling of Americans (Jeffrey, 1993). Observed one about his photograph of an Ernest Hemingway look-alike festival in Key West, Florida: "There is no other country where people so cherish the ability to look like famous people. I could spend the rest of my life photographing look-alike contests as well as ugly baby contests, conventions of twins. Although these are fascinating events, there is a sense of desperation and emptiness in a society that places such a high regard on looking like someone else." What distinguishes sociological from psychological approaches to self and mind is the focus on the ways in which one person’s â€Å"identity† is negotiated with others as well as the environment around them. In this essay I argue that mental illness is a collapse in the face of social environmental stress and the best way to treat this illness is to eliminate or reduce social stressors by encouraging social support as well as teach the affected individual better coping strategies. In part, I also feel as though our peculiar cultural obsession to search for a self we supposedly don’t know involves the extreme individualism of American culture, which is by far one of the largest stressors Americans face today. The sense of identity is important to both psychology and sociology. Not only does having the sense of self provide one with feelings of free will, but it is also a basis of social control. Consider the expression "I know the type," when referring to a particular person. That statement carries assumption that there are types of selves and that each self can be expected to act in distinctive ways in different types of situations. For children, it can start as early as the first day of elementary school. Kids classify themselves and others into typical â€Å"groups... Free Essays on The Sociological Approach Free Essays on The Sociological Approach The Sociological Approach Several years ago the New York Times asked several foreign photographers to comment on which one of their captured images is most telling of Americans (Jeffrey, 1993). Observed one about his photograph of an Ernest Hemingway look-alike festival in Key West, Florida: "There is no other country where people so cherish the ability to look like famous people. I could spend the rest of my life photographing look-alike contests as well as ugly baby contests, conventions of twins. Although these are fascinating events, there is a sense of desperation and emptiness in a society that places such a high regard on looking like someone else." What distinguishes sociological from psychological approaches to self and mind is the focus on the ways in which one person’s â€Å"identity† is negotiated with others as well as the environment around them. In this essay I argue that mental illness is a collapse in the face of social environmental stress and the best way to treat this illness is to eliminate or reduce social stressors by encouraging social support as well as teach the affected individual better coping strategies. In part, I also feel as though our peculiar cultural obsession to search for a self we supposedly don’t know involves the extreme individualism of American culture, which is by far one of the largest stressors Americans face today. The sense of identity is important to both psychology and sociology. Not only does having the sense of self provide one with feelings of free will, but it is also a basis of social control. Consider the expression "I know the type," when referring to a particular person. That statement carries assumption that there are types of selves and that each self can be expected to act in distinctive ways in different types of situations. For children, it can start as early as the first day of elementary school. Kids classify themselves and others into typical â€Å"groups...

Information Technology Infrastructure Library Term Paper

Information Technology Infrastructure Library - Term Paper Example All these are aimed at service delivery and eliminate the errors. Incident management deals with the preparedness of the system to deal with occurrences that emerge into the system with a potential threat of causing deterrence on the operation of the system. Its main goal is to ensure that normal operations of the business are restored immediately following such a setback. Continual Service Improvement (CSI) is one set defined in the ITIL volume which aims at ensuring that IT services comply with the ever changing business environment. It should be noted that ITIL could prove very expensive and almost inappropriate for non-commercial users who could benefit from such a system of IT service management. The business world as we have it today has experienced changes in technological management and applications. The use of computer technology has become necessary in varying proportions. Consequently, computer technology has been a requisite for any business. However, the technology has come embodied with challenges and additional requirements. Companies have failed to understand to what extent they can use computer technology or information technology systems. Even in circumstances where the companies understand the scale of application of information technology they fail to understand which one is the best system to adopt. While investing in Information Technology Systems, companies should consider the costs of buying, installation and training that comes with the new technology. This should be after the company has established the suitability of the system to the company’s operations and compare the rate of return associated with the technology. In this light, the appropriate technology is one which, although not cheap to install, will give the employees and the management easy time to integrate adapt to while ensuring efficiency in business operations throughout. Therefore, methods that have been

Cattle Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cattle Industry - Essay Example Cattle are raised in three phases before it is processed. Calves are first raised on pasture and raised land. They are then sold to a stock feeder who builds them around nine hundred to thousand pounds by allowing them to feed on pasture, crop residue and range land and finally go to feedlots where they are fattened with high-protein feed for slaughter. At the slaughterhouse the carcass is divided into â€Å"cuts†. Earlier the sides of beef would go to wholesalers but now disassembly occurs at the plant itself. After slaughter one portion goes directly to the wholesalers who distribute to institutional users or grocery stores. The grocery chains are directly linked to the packers. Another portion goes for processing into hot dogs or sausages or other forms of meat. It is then canned or frozen for further consumption. The bacterial count has to be kept low while storing so that spoilage is minimum. This is done through plant cleanliness, careful slaughter procedures and keeping temperatures low so that bacteria multiply at a low rate. Transportation is done in refrigerated trucks and spoilage and distribution too has become easy due to vertical integration of firms that deal with packed food. The links in the commodity chain have reduced as even restaurant chains are forming tighter linkages with packers, feedlots and stock feeders.

Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Skills - Essay Example The supporting staff in the workforce should come up with the skills and also behaviors required in working effectively with the young people, the parents and children as well as with each other in positive ways that lead to achieving better outcomes (McWilliam 35). Those in the workforce should be skilled with knowledge on how to support young people who particularly are vulnerable inclusive of those who are looked after, those that are disabled and also with mental problems (McWilliam 45). Through the various education stages, young people face increasing difficulties in securing gainful employment and also career opportunities. When we focus on the world today, most of the unemployed people globally are young people (McWilliam 25). The government should come up with solutions to solve this problem like generating links with the work foundation to employ young people (McWilliam 15). Environments for learning should be created in such a way that they are conducive for studying. Such learning environments should be both indoor as well as outdoor spaces (Selter & Bentley 34). They should include more than just a single room arrangement. They should also be equipped with various activities such as cooperative play, messy play, and also large muscle activities. Resnick, Mitchel. "All I really need to know (about creative thinking) I learned (by studying how children learn) in kindergarten." Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition. ACM,

Male and Female Roles in Society Essay Example for Free

Male and Female Roles in Society Essay Mozart Beethoven Within the classical style of music stand two well-known, well-versed composers: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. Both men were crucial, influential figures in the Classical era of music and composed works that are still held with great praise and dignity over 200 years later. To passive listeners, Mozart and Beethoven are very similar in their style and compositions. Although similarities do exist, their music and personal lives differed, most appropriately due to the periods in which they became famous. Mozart, considered the best and most successful composer of the Classical era, began his work at a time when classical music was prominent. Beethoven, meanwhile, was successful during the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras. Although hes considered an influential figure of the Classical era, he is also credited with developing a new style and pushing the boundaries of classical music. Because Beethoven was born when Mozart began composing his early successful works he was able to take advantage of learning and studying classical music when it was at its best. Both composers were born into highly-musical families. Their fathers were their first teachers who considered their sons musical prodigies. Sonically, their works were quite different. Its often said that Beethoven stands out more than Mozart in classical music, that his compositions are more complex are more in touch with personality and emotion. At the same time, it could be said that Mozart was ahead of his time. Beethoven borrowed many ideas from numerous composers before him, including Mozart; in adding his own touch he made his works loved then and now

Gandhi Was One of the Greatest Men to Ever Live Essay -- Indian, Revol

I am going to try to answer an interesting question as to who is the greatest man in the world today. In seeking an answer to this inquiry, I predict that people would first instinctively go back to the days of the great wars in history, and go over the names of the men who held positions of vast responsibility and power in that astonishing conflicts, people who succeed in front of their task and, thus, were considered heroes. However, I turn away from the storm of wars, and from the men who rode that storm to power and place; and I look further for that man who impresses me as the greatest man who lived in the world. A man, who people can surely call the greatest, should be a universal man — a man who combines in perfect balance the supreme qualities of an idealist and a realist, a dreamer and a doer. The man who satisfies those qualities, I believe is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the Indian leader, of the great revolutionary movement against British rule in India. He is better known as Mahatma, called by his own countrymen first, meaning â€Å"the Saint†. Gandhi was born on second October, 1869 in India, of a rich, clever and cultivated family. He was reared as the sons of such families are always reared, possessed of everything that money could buy (Gandhi: A Biography). On September 29, 1888 he went to England to study law at University College London. He took his degree in regular course, returned to India, but failed to become a successful lawyer in Bombay and Rajkot. At the same time, he already found that religion was coming to have a dominant place within his life. Even before his journey to England, he had taken the vow to abstain from wine, flesh, and sexual intercourse, and on his return to India, his asceticism in... ...crowds of people were gathering in order to hear his words. He seems to be was a person whom the Indians saw in him, perfect and universal man. He had a simple, altruistically and uncorrupted personality. In his political duties he was a firm realist, consistently working towards a goal of liberation; while on the other hand, he was an idealist, living ever in the pure happiness of the spirit. Works Cited "Gandhi: A Biography." Kamat's Potpourri. 4 Jan. 2011. Navajivan Trust. 13 Feb. 2011. . Holmes, John Haynes. "Mahatma Gandhi: an American Portrait." Harvard Square Library. 2006. Harvard University. 12 Feb. 2011. . Moncur, Michael. "Mahatma Ghandi Quotations." The Quotations Page. 1994. 12 Feb. 2011. .

Psychological assessment tools

Validation history, strength and weaknesses: One of the criticism of the gung scale Is that It used graded responses that may be confusing to elderly patients ,and so they may require assistance from the examiner to complete the form. Another problem with the test is that the mean score for elders Is significantly higher than that for younger subjects, with many normal elders assessed as false positive. It also misses depression in the elderly if it takes the form of multiple somatic complaints. Many authors have advised that it should NT be used for either research or clinical assessment of geriatric depression.Despite the concerns over the use of gung self depression scale in elderly , it still continues to be used for research especially in Europe,where it has been noted to revel sex and differences In in scales factor structure in the elderly population-the scale has also en translated to many languages including Arabic, German ,Portuguese and Spanish. 2. Millions clinical multir acial inventory. In 1969, Theodore millions undertook the test construction of the mimic. It contained 11 personality scales and clinical syndromes. Alt was revised both in 1989 and 1994.The millions clinical multiracial inventory is used to asses patient with a suspected or known psychological disorder to refine the diagnoses. The test is designed to be used specifically with adults. While it is developed mainly for use with mentally ill population. Scope: It is sometimes used for patients without a known psychological disorder. It can sometimes provide onsite into personality traits that can help people in psychotherapy NAS other settings. The MIMIC contains a total of 28 scales broken down into 24 clinical scales(personality and clinical syndrome scale).The 14 personally scales include; schizoid, avoiding, depressive ,dependent, histrionic, narcissistic,c antisocial, sadistic, compulsive, negativism,masochistic, psychotically, borderline and paranoid. The clinical scales include; anxiety, comparators, bipolar, hysteria, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, PATS, thought disorder, delusion disorder, and major depression. The mortifying indices include disclosure scale (x) , the desirability scale (y), and the debasement scale (z). Items: There are 175 true or false questions ,which ar designed to be completed in half an hour.The test closely coordinates with the ADSM . Patients' raw scores are converted to Base Rate (BRB) scores to allow comparison between the personality indices. The Base Rate scores are essentially where each score fits on a scale of 1-115, with 60 being he median score. Conversion to a Base Rate score is relatively complex, and there are certain corrections that are administered based on each patient's response style The Disclosure scale is the only scale in the MIMIC-III in which the raw scores are interpreted and in which a particularly low score is clinically relevant.A raw score above 178 or below 34 is considered to not be an accurat e representation of the patient's personality style as they either over-or under-disclosed and may indicate questionable results. A base rate score of 75 or greater on the Desirability or Debasement scales indicate that the examiner should proceed with cautioner the Personality and Clinical Syndrome scales, base rate scores of 75-84 are taken to indicate the presence of a personality trait, or (for the Clinical Syndromes scales) the presence of a clinical syndrome. Scores of 85 or above indicate the persistence of a personality trait or a clinical syndrome .Validation History and psychometric properties: Theoretical-substantive validity[edit] The first stage was a deductive approach and involved developing a large pool of items; the number of items was reduced based on a rational approach according to he degree to which they fit the theory as well as elimination of items based on simplicity, grammar, content, and scale relevance. Internal-structural validity[edit] Once the initial i tem pool was reduced, the second validation stage assessed how well items interrelated, and the psychometric properties of the test were determined.Internal consistency is the extent to which the items on a scale generally measure the same thing. Cockroach's alpha statistics range from . 66 (Compulsive) to . 90 (Major Depression). Test-retest reliability is a measure of the stability of the measure, or the change over time. The higher the correlation, the more stable the measure is. Based on 87 participants, the test-retest reliability of the MIMIC-III (5-14 days later) ranged from . 82 (Debasement) to . 96 (Comparators) with a median coefficient of . 91 . These however, no long-term data are available. External-criterion validity[edit] The final validation stage includes convergent and discriminative validity of the test, which is assessed by correlating the test with similar/dissimilar instruments. Positive predictive power is the likelihood of being right given a test positive, w hich ranged from . 30 (Masochistic) to . 1 (Dependent). Sensitivity, or the proportion of individuals that have a condition that are correctly identified ranged from . 44 (Negativism) to . 92 (Paranoid). Strength and weaknesses; the test is brief in comparison to other personality inventories and it has a strong theoretical basis.Some psychologists prefer to give it because the administration and scoring are simple, and it has a multi-axial format. The organization of the scales was confirmed by factor analysis and correlations done with third-party tests further confirm the validity of the scales. Internal consistency and alpha coefficients for the est., as well as test-retest reliability, are all good. 3. BECK'S ANXIETY INVENTORY The Beck Anxiety Inventory (ABA), created by DRP. Aaron T. Beck and other colleagues. It is a 21 -question multiple-choice self-report inventory that is used for measuring the severity of an individual's anxiety.The Beck Anxiety Inventory is a well accept ed self-report measure of anxiety in adults and adolescents for use in both clinical and research settings Scope: Though anxiety can be thought of as having several components, including cognitive, somatic, affective, and behavioral components, Beck et al. Included only two components in the Basis original proposal: cognitive and somatic. [2] The cognitive subspace provides a measure of fearful thoughts and impaired cognitive functioning, and the somatic subspace measures the symptoms of physiological arousal.Because the somatic subspace is emphasized on the ABA, with 15 out of 21 items measuring physiological symptoms, perhaps the cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of anxiety are being deemphasized. Therefore, the ABA functions more adequately in anxiety disorders with a high somatic component, such as panic disorder. On the there hand, the ABA won't function as adequately for disorders such as social phobia or obsessive-compulsive disorder, which have a stronger cogni tive or behavioral component.

Biological Perspective Essay

One client I worked with had very low levels of assertiveness and because of this was often treated very badly by friends, family and work colleagues. This led to her becoming really rather depressed, which meant that she tended to avoid interactions with other people whenever possible, lowering further still her confidence and her ability to deal with social situations. She was becoming increasingly withdrawn. Whilst the counselling helped her to understand how she was contributing towards her own distress by having so low an opinion of herself, the antidepressants helped her to feel well enough to start to re-engage with people and to put into practice some of the ideas and life skills she was learning in therapy. By the time the medication was slowly stopped after her depression had lifted, she had firmly established new patterns of behaviour and relationships. She was easily able to continue this new and more useful way of being, therefore removing the need for further medication . Back to Top The Disadvantages of Antidepressants Many people I know would say that when you are profoundly depressed, there are no disadvantages to taking something that makes you feel better. Certainly I know many clients whose lives have been transformed by taking the right antidepressant, prescribed by their doctor or psychiatrist. Having said that, no medication is without its problems. With antidepressants, the main problems are firstly, finding the right antidepressant and secondly, side-effects. Antidepressants seem to help about half of the people who take them and different antidepressants work better with some people than others. The process of matching the right medication to the person is far from a precise science and one psychiatrist I know will admit that it often comes down to luck and guesswork. Having said that, the choice of antidepressant is usually informed by the exact nature of the symptoms experienced.

American Home Products Essay Example

American Home Products Essay Example American Home Products Paper American Home Products Paper American Home Products (AHP) is a capital structure case. For the purpose of this analysis it is assumed that AHP currently has no debt. In other words it is an unlevered company. The focus of this case is that with the retirement of AHPs CEO there is an opportunity to change the capital structure of the firm by adding some debt. The issue is should debt be added and, if so, how much debt should be added. Four options will be analyzed: 0%, 30%, 50%, and 70%. Currently, due to the lack of debt, this firm only faces operating risk as opposed to financial risk. AHP has a solid five year compound annual growth rate in both earnings and dividends per share of 12.4% and 13.6% respectively. This compares favorably to a proxy company, Warner-Lambert, where the five year compound annual growth rate in both earnings and dividends per share was 3.0% and 8.0% respectively. Overall, the unlevered AHP has a history of solid returns, good growth and in general low business risk. Since we are dealing with accounting numbers in this case, certain assumptions were made for this analysis. First, since AHP has high quality earnings it is assumed that the cash and accounting numbers will be close over the long term. Second, the level of debt taken on in these scenarios is going to go into perpetuity, getting replaced as it matures. Also the risk level of future tax shields is the same as the risk level of the debt of the firm. Finally it is assumed that the firm can borrow in all three scenarios at 14%. The analysis compares AHP issuing debt and retiring equity in three scenarios: 30%, 50%, and 70%. As depicted in Figure 1, Appendix A, the unlevered value of the firm (VU) is $4665.0 million. The required return, ru, was calculated using the constant dividend growth model where the dividends/share of $1.90 divided by a current stock price of $30/share plus an average dividend increase since 1973 of 12.12% per year yielding an ru = 18.45%. When debt occurs in each scenario the market price of the firm also changes. Figure 1 in Appendix A depicts the new stock price/share for each proposed level of debt. The current price of $30/share would increase to $31.58/share for 30%, $32.21 for 50%, and $33.16/share for 50%. These new values were calculated using the current dividend ratio (unlevered stock price/share divided by the current dividend) of $30/$1.90 = 15.79. This ratio was then multiplied by the dividends per share for each of the scenarios resulting in the above stock prices. To calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for each of the debt scenario we need to know the cost of debt and the cost of equity. The before-tax cost of debt is given in the case as 14%. To calculate the cost of equity, we can again turn to the constant growth model where r = (D1/P0 + g) = $2.13/$30 + 12.12% = 19.22% for the unlevered firm where D1 is the expected dividend in 1982, P0 is the current stock price, and 12.12% is the average % increase in dividends year-over-year. The results for the cost of equity at each debt level are listed in Appendix A, figure 1: 18.86%, 18.73%, and 18.54% for the 30%, 50%, and 70% scenarios respectively. Using the above values for cost of equity and debt, along with debt and equity values given in this case the WACC can now be calculated resulting in 19.22%, 17.40%, 16.36%, and 15.36% for the 0%, 30%, 50%, and 70% scenarios respectively. If the firm is able to earn simply its WACC (NPV = 0), the value of the firm is going to increase by the investment amount. If the firm earns more than its WACC, then the value of the firm should increase by the investment amount plus the amount captured by the shareholders in the positive NPV resulting in a higher market price. Of course, if the NPV is negative the value of the firm goes up less than the value of the investment. The interest expenses given in this case are a return on the debt. As discussed in class, when calculating return on assets (ROA) we can not simply divide net income by assets if a firm is using debt financing because there is a downward bias due to the interest expense. ROA determines profitability of the assets. We need to add the interest expense times (1-tax rate) to the net income before dividing by assets resulting in an ROA of 18.81% for the unlevered scenario and 20.21% for each of our debt scenarios. Comparing firm ROA against WACC for each debt scenario shows we are earning more than WACC in each case, which is good. We are not destroying shareholder value in any of these cases. ROA is the same across the scenarios since the operating risk and performance are all the same. However, ROE is not the same. The levered firm is able to earn favorable financial leverage (a.k.a. trading on the equity). ROE is listed in Figure 1 and in the case of the levered firm ROE ROA because the firm is able to earn more of those funds than the after-tax cost of debt. There is favorable financial leverage in all proposed scenarios. To determine where there is favorable versus unfavorable leverage we can perform an earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) profitability analysis. Figure 2 in Appendix B lists the calculated EBIT indifference levels with each scenario compared against one another and Figure 3 plots the unlevered firm against each proposed debt case. For expected EBIT $130.4 million we have unfavorable leverage for all debt scenarios. Whereas for any value of EBIT ~$175 million we have favorable financial leverage with the 70% scenario. The optimal capital structure is the point where the value of the firm is maximized and WACC is minimized. Adding too much debt will decrease the value of the firm due to agency and expense costs. Finally, we can compare the proposed capital structures by calculating ROA and ROE for the EBIT indifference levels. The table in Appendix C, Figure 4 lists the previously calculated indifference levels along with the new calculations for ROA and ROE at these levels. Since this comparison is limited to comparing a capital structure with debt versus an all-equity structure, ROA=ROE=after-tax cost of debt at the EBIT indifference levels. Figure 5 shows that for EBIT levels ~$130 million, the best choice is 0% debt. For EBIT levels between ~$130 and ~$152 million, the best choice is 30% debt. Between ~$152 and ~$165 million, the best option is 50% debt. And for EBIT above $165 million, the best choice is 70% debt. In summary, AHP should implement a more aggressive capital structure by leveraging the company to 70% debt since EBIT will be substantially above $165 million. I believe the capital markets would favor AHP adopting my proposed capital structure since the resulting ROE increases would show more profitability and the stock price would increase. There would be a higher degree of operating risk but given the firms outstanding past performance, solid growth, and expected future earnings this should not pose a problem.